This illustration shows a technique described by Romain Gérard, MD, Richard Stern, MD, and Mathieu Assal, MD from the Orthopaedic Surgery Service, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland for the March 2008 issue of Orthopedics. This technique is valuable for providing a powerful and durable correction of metatarsus primus varus and hallux valgus, and careful attention to the details should help in achieving a successful outcome while avoiding complications.
This illustration is one of the latest editorial pieces completed for the American Academy of Family Physicians featuring Irritable Bowel Disease.
Depicted are a montage of images illustrating common symptoms and treatment for IBD including stomach cramping, abdominal discomfort, the urge to use the bathroom, colon spasms and the use of antispasmodics such as hyoscyamine sulfate.
According to the featured article, “Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is defined as abdominal discomfort or pain associated with altered bowel habits for at least 3 days per month in the last 3 months in the absence of organic disease. In the U.S., the prevalence of IBS is 5-10% with peak prevalence in the third and fourth decades. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom and is often described as a cramping sensation. The absence of abdominal pain essentially excludes IBS. Other common symptoms include diarrhea, constipation, or alternating diarrhea and constipation. The goals of treatment are alleviation of symptoms and improvement in quality of life.”
The illustration depicted was created for the April 2013 26(4) issue of JAAPA feature article, Treatment options for major depression during the menopausal (Bobbie Posmontier, PhD, CNM, PMHNP-BC).
Compared to men, women experience 1.7 times the prevalence of depression, largely because of fluctuations in reproductive hormones. Even without a prior history of depression, vulnerability to depressive symptoms may be especially increased during the menopausal transition as a result of greater sensitivity to the extreme fluctuating levels of estrogen, other hormonal influences, and single nucleotide polymorphisms that are unique to women.
The purpose of this illustrated piece is to aid PAs in understanding the hormonal and genetic influences as well as the symptoms of menopausal transition that overlap with symptoms of major depression and to discuss effective assessment and multidisciplinary management of major depression during perimenopause.
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